1、外包層保護，即用現(xiàn)澆混凝土外包或在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)表面涂抹砂漿等形式形成保護層的保護方法。現(xiàn)澆成型的實體混凝土外包層通常用鋼絲網(wǎng)或鋼筋來加強，來限制收縮裂縫保證外殼的強度。砂漿可以是石灰水泥或是石膏砂漿，也可以采用蛭石砂漿或摻入珍珠巖和石棉。同時外包層也可以用珍珠巖、石棉、石膏或石棉水泥、輕混凝土做成預(yù)制板，采用膠粘劑、釘子、螺栓固定在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)上。目前我國一些企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的蒸壓加氣混凝土板的耐火性能已經(jīng)達到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在很多工程中得到了應(yīng)用。
1. Outer layer protection refers to the method of forming a protective layer by wrapping it with cast-in-place concrete or applying mortar to the surface of the steel structure. The outer layer of cast-in-place solid concrete is usually reinforced with steel wire mesh or steel bars to limit shrinkage cracks and ensure the strength of the shell. Mortar can be lime cement or gypsum mortar, or vermiculite mortar or mixed with perlite and asbestos. At the same time, the outer layer can also be made into prefabricated panels using perlite, asbestos, gypsum, asbestos cement, and lightweight concrete, and fixed to the steel structure using adhesives, nails, and bolts. At present, the fire resistance performance of autoclaved aerated concrete slabs produced by some enterprises in China has reached national standards and has been applied in many projects.
2、冷卻-空心型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，即在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)充水循環(huán)冷卻的保護方法，它是抵御火災(zāi)更有效的防護措施。這種方法能使鋼結(jié)構(gòu)在火災(zāi)中保持較低的溫度，水在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)循環(huán)，吸收材料本身受熱的熱量，受熱的水經(jīng)冷卻后可以進行再循環(huán)，或由管道引入涼水來取代受熱的水。
2. Cooling - Hollow steel structure, which is a protective method of filling water and circulating cooling inside the steel structure, is the most effective protective measure against fire. This method can keep the steel structure at a relatively low temperature in a fire, and water circulates within the steel structure to absorb the heat generated by the material itself. The heated water can be recycled after cooling or replaced by cold water introduced by pipelines.
3、屏蔽-鋼結(jié)構(gòu)保護，即將鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件設(shè)置在耐火材料組成的墻體或頂棚內(nèi)的保護方法，這種方法較為經(jīng)濟，應(yīng)用中只要增加少許耐火材料即能達到防火的目的。
3. Shielding steel structure protection refers to the protection method of placing steel structure components in walls or ceilings composed of refractory materials. This method is more economical and can achieve the goal of fire prevention by adding a small amount of refractory materials in application.
4、膨脹材料保護，即采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)膨脹型防火涂料涂刷在構(gòu)件外面保護構(gòu)件。受熱時這些材料膨脹在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)表面形成適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo層，大大提高了鋼結(jié)構(gòu)在火災(zāi)中的性。這種方法具有防火隔熱性能好、施工不受鋼結(jié)構(gòu)幾何形體限制等優(yōu)點，一般不需要添加輔助設(shè)施，且涂層質(zhì)量輕，還有一定的美觀裝飾作用，屬于現(xiàn)代的防火技術(shù)措施。
4. Expansion material protection refers to the use of steel structure expansion type fireproof coating applied to the outside of the components to protect them. When heated, these materials expand to form an appropriate protective layer on the surface of the steel structure, greatly improving the safety of the steel structure in fire. This method has the advantages of good fire and insulation performance, construction not limited by the geometric shape of the steel structure, and generally does not require the addition of auxiliary facilities. The coating quality is light, and it also has a certain aesthetic decoration effect. It belongs to modern advanced fire prevention technology measures.
5、耐候鋼的應(yīng)用。耐火耐候鋼具有優(yōu)良的耐高溫和耐大氣腐蝕性，在我國它是作為目前建筑上使用較多的Q235鋼和Q345鋼的替代鋼種，它具有與普通建筑用鋼相當(dāng)?shù)氖覝亓W(xué)性能、焊接性能以及其它性能。使用耐火耐候鋼可以不用或減少涂裝，由此可以減少防火涂料和防火包覆的使用，從而減少污染、大大節(jié)約維護工本；另外鋼材厚度好可減薄，節(jié)約綜合成本30%以上。且這種耐火性和耐候性還具有性和自愈性，即鋼材不論在加工或焊割后，還是在服役使用中表面擦撞或火災(zāi)后，其耐候性、耐火性可以不變，這是普通鋼及附加保護層后不可能具有的。
5. The application of weathering steel. Refractory and weather resistant steel has excellent high-temperature resistance and atmospheric corrosion resistance. In China, it is a substitute steel for Q235 steel and Q345 steel, which are commonly used in construction. It has room temperature mechanical properties, welding properties, and other properties comparable to ordinary building steel. The use of fire-resistant and weather resistant steel can eliminate or reduce the need for coating, thereby reducing the use of fireproof coatings and coatings, thereby reducing pollution and greatly saving maintenance costs; In addition, good steel thickness can reduce thickness, saving more than 30% of overall costs. And this kind of fire resistance and weather resistance also has permanent and self-healing properties, that is, whether the steel is processed or welded, or after surface collision or fire during service use, its weather resistance and fire resistance can remain unchanged, which is impossible for ordinary steel and additional protective layers.
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